Azotemia
| Azotemia | |
| ICD-10 | R79.8 |
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| ICD-9 | 790.6 |
| DiseasesDB | 26060 |
| MeSH | D053099 |
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Azotemia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Azotemia On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Azotemia |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor in Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2]
Signs and symptoms (prerenal azotemia)
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
- Decreased or absent urine output
- Confusion
- Decreased alertness
- Dry mouth
- Fatigue
- Orthostatic blood pressure (rises or falls, significantly depending on position)
- Pale skin color
- Rapid pulse
- Thirst, swelling (edema, anasarca)
A urinalysis will typically show a decreased urine sodium level, a high urine creatinine-to- serum creatinine ratio, a high urine urea-to-serum urea ratio, and concentrated urine (determined by osmolality and specific gravity). None of these is particularly useful in diagnosis.
Prompt treatment of some causes of azotemia can result in restoration of kidney function; delayed treatment may result in permanent loss of renal function. Treatment may include hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, medications to increase cardiac output and increase blood pressure, and the treatment of the condition that caused the azotemia to begin with.
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Azotemia
(In alphabetical order)
- Chronic kidney disease
- Chronic renal failure
- Congestive heart failure
- Crescentic glomerulonephritis
- Liver failure
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
- Nephritic syndrome
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Pentamidine
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
- Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
- Renovascular Disease
- Scleroderma
- Severe burns
- Shock
- Trauma to the kidneys
Related Chapters
References
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