Mitral stenosis general approach to mitral stenosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the heart valve between the two left chambers of the heart (left atrium and left ventricle).

Causes

The cause of mitral stenosis is almost always rheumatic heart disease.

Pathophysiology

• The hallmark anatomical picture in mitral stenosis is commisural fusion.
• Because of closure of the mitral valve pressures build up in the left atrium which reflect back to the pulmonary bed.
• This build up of pressures in the pulmonary bed causes pulmonary hypertension causing right heart failure.