Pericardial effusion causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

Causes of Pericardial Effusion Based Upon Composition of Effusion

Serous

• Acute pancreatitis
• Chemotherapeutics
• Chronic disease
• Cirrhosis
• Congestive heart failure
• Dressler's syndrome
• Hypoalbuminemia
• Hypothyroidism
• Infection
• Irradiation
• Malnutrition
• Nephrotic Syndrome

Blood

• Acute myocardial infarction
• Anticoagulants
• Aortic rupture
• Cardiac catheterization
• Chemotherapeutics
• Coagulopathy
• Heart surgery
• Neoplasm
• Perforation
• Trauma
• Uremia

Lymph or Chylous

• Benign obstruction of thoracic duct
• Idiopathic
• Neoplasm

Metastatic Tumor

• Breast cancer
• Leukemia
• Lung cancer
• Lymphoma
• Pericarditis

Miscellaneous

• Cardiomyopathy
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Infectious

• Viral
• Pyogenic
• Tuberculous
• Fungal
• Other infections (syphilitic, protozoal, parasitic)
• Pericarditis

Noninfectious

• Idiopathic
• Uremia: Kidney failure with excessive blood levels of urea nitrogen
• Heart surgery
• Neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium
• Acute myocardial infarction: Post myocardial infarction pericarditis (Dressler's syndrome)
• Postirradiation
• Aortic dissection (with leakage into pericardial sac)
• Trauma
• Sarcoidosis
• Pericarditis

Hypersensitivity or Autoimmunity Related

• Amyloid
• Collagen vascular disease
• Drug-induced
• Lupus
• Pericarditis
• Rheumatic fever

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

References

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