Coronary heart disease secondary prevention diabetes mellitus management
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management
2011 AHA/ACCF Guidelines for Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease (DO NOT EDIT) [1]
Diabetes Mellitus Management (DO NOT EDIT) [1]
| Class I |
| "1. Care for diabetes should be coordinated with the patient's primary care physician and/or endocrinologist. (Level C)" |
| "2. Lifestyle modifications including daily physical activity, weight management, blood pressure control, and lipid management are recommended for all patients with diabetes. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13](Level B)" |
| Class IIa |
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"1. Metformin is an effective first-line pharmacotherapy and can be useful if not contraindicated.(Level A)" |
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"2. It is reasonable to individualize the intensity of blood sugar–lowering interventions based on the individual patient's risk of hypoglycemia during treatment. (Level C)" |
| Class IIb |
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"1. Initiation of pharmacotherapy interventions to achieve target HbA1c may be reasonable. (Level A)" |
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"2. A target HbA1c of ≤7% may be considered. (Level C)" |
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"3. Less stringent HbA1c goals may be considered for patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia, limited life expectancy, advanced microvascular or macrovascular complications, or extensive comorbidities, or those in whom the goal is difficult to attain despite intensive therapeutic interventions. (Level C)" |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Smith SC, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, Braun LT, Creager MA, Franklin BA; et al. (2011). "AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation". Circulation. 124 (22): 2458–73. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318235eb4d. PMID 22052934.
- ↑ Dattilo AM, Kris-Etherton PM (1992). "Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 56 (2): 320–8. PMID 1386186. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S, Ausman LM; et al. (1997). "Individual variability in lipoprotein cholesterol response to National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65 (3): 823–30. PMID 9062535. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S; et al. (1995). "Efficacy of a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet in normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic middle-aged and elderly men and women". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 15 (8): 1079–85. PMID 7627699. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report". Circulation. 106 (25): 3143–421. 2002. PMID 12485966. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Marwick TH, Hordern MD, Miller T; et al. (2009). "Exercise training for type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact on cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 119 (25): 3244–62. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192521. PMID 19506108. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR; et al. (2007). "Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 39 (8): 1423–34. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27. PMID 17762377. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA; et al. (2007). "Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism". Circulation. 116 (5): 572–84. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185214. PMID 17638929. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR; et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement". Circulation. 112 (17): 2735–52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404. PMID 16157765. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Jensen MK, Chiuve SE, Rimm EB; et al. (2008). "Obesity, behavioral lifestyle factors, and risk of acute coronary events". Circulation. 117 (24): 3062–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.759951. PMID 18541738. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011". Diabetes Care. 34 Suppl 1: S11–61. 2011. doi:10.2337/dc11-S011. PMC 3006050. PMID 21193625. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL; et al. (2003). "Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity)". Circulation. 107 (24): 3109–16. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000075572.40158.77. PMID 12821592. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Yu-Poth S, Zhao G, Etherton T, Naglak M, Jonnalagadda S, Kris-Etherton PM (1999). "Effects of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Step I and Step II dietary intervention programs on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69 (4): 632–46. PMID 10197564. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)