Diphtheria natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Natural History
Complications
- Respiratory failure could be there.
- Myocarditis: Myocarditis may present as abnormal cardiac rhythms and can occur early in the course of the illness or weeks later, and can lead to heart failure. If myocarditis occurs early, it is often fatal.
- Polyneuropathies: Neuritis most often affects motor nerves and usually resolves completely. Paralysis of the soft palate is most frequent during the third week of illness. Paralysis of [[[eye muscles]], limbs, and diaphragm can occur after the fifth week. Secondary pneumonia and respiratory failure may result from diaphragmatic paralysis.
- 10th cranial nerve disorder
- 9th cranial nerve disorder
- Peripheral motor neuropathy
- Acute renal failure
- Death: The overall case-fatality rate for diphtheria is 5%–10%, with higher death rates (up to 20%) among persons younger than 5 and older than 40 years of age. The case-fatality rate for diphtheria has changed very little during the last 50 years.
Prognosis
- The disease can be prevented by vaccines. However, the prognosis is not good once the disease sets in.