Brain abscess overview
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney etc.) infectious sources within the brain tissue. The infection may also be introduced through a skull fracture following a head trauma or surgical procedures. Brain abscess is usually associated with congenital heart disease in young children. It may occur at any age but is most frequent in the third decade of life.
Historical Perspective
Prior to the 1800s, brain abscesses were almost uniformly fatal, and were rarely diagnosed prior to autopsy. Macewan was one of the 1st neurosurgeons who showed that these patients could actually be cured via surgical drainage. In the post WWII / antibiotic era, the mortality from brain abscesses really started to drop, and with the advent of the CT in 1974, earlier diagnosis and treatment was finally possible.