Malaria natural history, complications, and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Natural History
- Severe malaria is almost exclusively caused by P. falciparum infection and usually arises 6-14 days after infection.[1]
- Severe malaria can progress extremely rapidly and cause death within hours or days.[1] In the most severe cases of the disease fatality rates can exceed 20%, even with intensive care and treatment.[2]
Complications
- Consequences of severe malaria include coma and death if untreated—young children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), severe headache, cerebral ischemia, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), hypoglycemia, and hemoglobinuria with renal failure may occur.
- Renal failure may cause blackwater fever, where hemoglobin from lysed red blood cells leaks into the urine.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trampuz A, Jereb M, Muzlovic I, Prabhu R (2003). "Clinical review: Severe malaria". Crit Care. 7 (4): 315–23. PMID 12930555.
- ↑ Kain K, Harrington M, Tennyson S, Keystone J (1998). "Imported malaria: prospective analysis of problems in diagnosis and management". Clin Infect Dis. 27 (1): 142–9. PMID 9675468.