Pacemaker syndrome other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
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Pacemaker Interrogation
Diagnosis of pacemaker syndrome should start with pacemaker interrogation. It includes:
- Ruling out excessive ventricular pacing
- Looking for AV dissociation/VA conduction
- Looking for pacemaker malfunctioning, battery life and mode reversal
Holter Monitoring
Holter monitoring can be used to correlate patients' symptoms with their cardiac rhythm and it is considered the best method of diagnosing pacemaker syndrome.
Blood Pressure Monitoring
Systolic blood pressure should be measured during ventricular pacing and should be compared with that during atrial or AV synchronous pacing. A drop of 20 mm Hg or more suggests pacemaker syndrome.