Mallory-Weiss syndrome (patient information)
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome |
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Mallory-Weiss syndrome |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
A Mallory-Weiss tear occurs in the mucus membrane of the lower part of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach, near where they join. The tear may bleed.
What are the symptoms of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
- Bloody stools
- Vomiting blood (bright red)
What causes Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Mallory-Weiss tears are usually caused by forceful or long-term vomiting or coughing. They may also be caused by epileptic convulsions, or anything else that increases the pressure inside the abdomen.
Any condition that leads to violent and lengthy bouts of coughing or vomiting can cause these tears.
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
- CBC possibly showing low hematocrit
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), more likely to be done when there is active bleeding
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
The tear usually heals in a few days without treatment. Surgery is rarely needed. Drugs that suppress stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers) may be given, but it is not clear if they are helpful.
If blood loss has been great, blood transfusions may be needed. In most cases, bleeding stops without treatment within a few hours.
Where to find medical care for Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Prevention
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Repeated bleeding is uncommon and the outcome is usually good. Cirrhosis of the liver and problems with blood clotting make future bleeding episodes more likely to occur.
Possible complications
- Hemorrhage (loss of blood)