Malignant hypertension physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Physical examination

Blood pressure must be checked in both arms to screen for aortic dissection or coarctation.
Orthostatic vital signs

A funduscopic examination may reveal silver wiring (Grade I retinopathy), AV nipping (Grade II) flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages, soft exudates (Grade III), or papilledema (Grade IV)