Mechanical ventilation choosing amongst ventilator modes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]
Choosing Amongst Ventilator Modes
Assist-control mode minimizes patient effort by providing full mechanical support with every breath. This is often the initial mode chosen because it provides the greatest degree of support. In patients with less severe respiratory failure, other modes such as SIMV may be appropriate. Assist-control mode should not be used in those patients with a potential for respiratory alkalosis, in which the patient has an increased respiratory drive. Such hyperventilation and hypocapnia (decreased systemic carbon dioxide due to hyperventilation) usually occurs in patients with end-stage liver disease, hyperventilatory sepsis, and head trauma. Respiratory alkalosis will be evident from the initial arterial blood gas obtained, and the mode of ventilation can then be changed if so desired.
Positive End Expiratory Pressure may or may not be employed to prevent atelectasis.
High frequency oscillation is used most frequently in neonates, but is also used as an alternative mode in adults with severe ARDS.