Cardiogenic shock physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Physical Examination
Vital Signs
- Hypotension may be present due to a decrease in cardiac output.
- Tachycardia with a rapid, weak, thready rapid pulse is present.
- Pulse pressure is reduced.
Neck
- Distended jugular veins due to increased jugular venous pressure.
Skin
- Cyanosis, cool, clammy, and mottled skin (cutis marmorata), due to vasoconstriction and subsequent hypoperfusion of the skin are often present.
Lungs
- Rapid and deep respirations (hyperventilation) due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation by stretch receptors and as compensation for metabolic acidosis.
- Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) due to insufficient pumping of the heart, fluid backs up into the lungs.
Genitourinary
- Oliguria (low urine output) due insufficient renal perfusion is present if the condition persists.