Varicose veins natural history, complications and prognosis

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Varicose veins Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Serious complications are rare.

Complications

Most varicose veins are relatively benign, but severe varicosities can lead to major complications, due to the poor circulation through the affected limb.

  • Pain, heaviness, inability to walk or stand for long hours thus hindering work
  • Skin conditions / Dermatitis which could predispose skin loss
  • Bleeding : life threatening bleed from injury to the varicose vein
  • Ulcer : non healing varicose ulcer could threaten limb amputation.
  • Development of carcinoma or sarcoma in longstanding venous ulcers. There have been over 100 reported cases of malignant transformation and the rate is reported as 0.4% to 1%.[1]
  • Coagulation of blood in varicose veins cause superficial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), Pulmonary Embolism (PE) & could precipitate stroke in the rare case of predisposed individuals (that is, patients with patent foramen ovale).

References

  1. Goldman M. Sclerotherapy, Treatment of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins. Hardcover Text, 2nd Ed, 1995

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