High density lipoprotein causes

	High Density Lipoprotein Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Causes

HDL cholesterol is a positive cardiac risk factor if
- HDL < 35 mg/dL
- Total cholesterol to HDL ratio in > 5.0 (in men)
- Total cholesterol to HDL ratio in > 4.5 (in women)
Negative cardiac risk factor if HDL > 60 mg/dL

Impaired synthesis of apo A-1: apo A-1 deficiency, apo A-1/C-3 deficiency, apo A-1 structural variants
Increased catabolism: familial HDL deficiency, Tangier disease
Enzymatic changes: genetic, reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase, insulin resistance