Metabolic syndrome epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased over the decades. The prevalence are higher in western countries, with increasing ages and in certain races like Mexican-Americans and African-Americans.
Epidemiology and Demographics
United States
- According to 1999-2000 survey, prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults aged 20 years or older was found to be 32% compared to 27% in survey done during year 1988-1994 [1].
- There is a constant increase in prevalence of metabolic syndrome and more than 25% of US population meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.
International
- The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is approximately 25% in European and Latin American countries [2].
- Also, with westernization of lifestyle and food habit there has been a constant increase in its prevalence in Asian countries. However, the prevalence is still less compared to the western population (approximately 8-18%).
Race
- The diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were defined initially for Caucasian population. However, these definitions are not uniform among different races.
- Highest age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States was found to be in Mexican American patients [3] (approximately 31.9%, 1999-2000 survey).
- High prevalence is also seen in African Americans especially women.
Gender
- Age adjusted prevalence in male - (24%)
- Age adjusted prevalence in female - (23%)
- However, females have increased risks for metabolic syndrome due to association of certain factors like pregnancy, oral contraceptives pills (OCP) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) [4].
- Some association is found between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal females.
Age
- Prevalence increases with age.
- 2 out of 5 people above 60 years of age fall under the criteria of metabolic syndrome.
- Increased prevalence in pediatrics population due to increased incidences of obesity in them.
References
- ↑ Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH (2004). "Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults". Diabetes Care. 27 (10): 2444–9. PMID 15451914.
- ↑ Grundy SM (2008). "Metabolic syndrome pandemic". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28 (4): 629–36. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092. PMID 18174459.
- ↑ Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH (2002). "Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". JAMA. 287 (3): 356–9. PMID 11790215.
- ↑ Bentley-Lewis R, Koruda K, Seely EW (2007). "The metabolic syndrome in women". Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 3 (10): 696–704. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0616. PMID 17893688.