Iron deficiency anemia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Complications

• Iron deficiency anemia can affect school performance.

• Low iron levels are an important cause of decreased attention span, reduced alertness, and learning difficulties, both in young children and adolescents.

• Excess amounts of lead may be absorbed by people with iron deficiency.

Prognosis

• With treatment, the outcome is likely to be good. In most cases, the blood counts will return to normal in 2 months. It is essential to determine the cause of the iron deficiency.
• You should continue taking iron supplements for another 6 to 12 months after blood counts return to normal, or as your health care provider recommends. This will help the body rebuild its iron storage.
• Iron supplementation improves learning, memory, and cognitive test performance in adolescents who have low levels of iron. Iron supplementation also improves the performance of athletes with anemia and iron deficiency.