Oliguria pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories:
Prerenal
In response to hypoperfusion of the kidney (e.g. as a result of dehydration by poor oral intake, diarrhea, massive bleeding or sepsis)
Renal
Due to kidney damage (severe hypoperfusion, rhabdomyolysis, medication)
Postrenal
As a consequence of obstruction of the urine flow (e.g. enlarged prostate, tumor compression urinary outflow, expanding hematoma or fluid collection)
The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.
Postoperative Oliguria
Patients usually have a decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:
- Fluid/blood loss – decreased glomerular filtration rate secondary to hypovolemia and/or hypotension
- Response of adrenal cortex to stress -increase in aldosterone (Na and water retention) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release
Oliguria in Infants
Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.[1]==Risk Factors== Patients having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria.
References
- ↑ Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life". Pediatr Nephrol. 1 (3): 308–13. PMID 3153294.