Bell's palsy causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

• Herpes simplex virus
• Idiopathic
• Inflammation of the facial nerve
• Varicella zoster virus

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arteriosclerosis, Ischemic mononeuropathy
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus, Thyroid disorders
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine
Infectious Disease	Acute HIV infection, Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, Cytomegalovirus, Ehrlichiosis, Epstein-Barr virus, Herpes simplex virus, Herpes zoster, Inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine, Influenza B, Mumps, Rickettsial infection, Rubella, Varicella-zoster virus
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Compression of the facial nerve, Facial nerve inflammation, Ischemic mononeuropathy, Tumors of the facial nerve
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Tumors of the facial nerve
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Compression of the facial nerve, Facial nerve inflammation, Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acute HIV infection
• Adenovirus
• Arteriosclerosis
• Compression of the facial nerve
• Coxsackievirus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Diabetes mellitus
• Ehrlichiosis

• Epstein-Barr virus
• Facial nerve inflammation
• Herpes simplex virus
• Herpes zoster
• Idiopathic
• Inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine
• Influenza B

• Ischemic mononeuropathy
• Mumps
• Rickettsial infection
• Rubella
• Thyroid disorders
• Tumors of the facial nerve
• Varicella-zoster virus

Causes by Etiology

Infectious Causes

• Herpes simplex virus reactivation is the most likely cause of Bell's Palsy.
• Herpes Zoster may be the second most common viral infection.
• Cytomegalovirus
• Epstein Barr virus
• Adenovirus
• Rubella virus
• Mumps
• Influenza B
• Coxsackievirus
• Rickettsial infection
• Ehrlichiosis
• Borrelia burgdorferi
• Acute HIV infection

Non-Infectious Causes

• Facial nerve inflammation
• Tumors and compression of the facial nerve
• Ischemic mononeuropathy
• Inactivated intranasal influenza vaccination was associated with several cases of Bell's palsy in Switzerland

References

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