Third degree AV block causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Many conditions can cause third degree heart block, but the most common cause is coronary ischemia. Progressive degeneration of the electrical conduction system of the heart can lead to third degree heart block. In addition, acute myocardial infarction may present with third degree AV block.
Third degree heart block may also be congenital and has been linked to the presence of lupus in the mother. The cause of congenital third degree heart block in many patients is unknown.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Third degree heart block is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions can result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Acute rheumatic fever
- Coronary ischemia
- Myocardial infarction [1]
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Valvular heart disease
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Acute rheumatic fever, amyloidosis, aspergillosis myocarditis, atrial septal defect, bacterial endocarditis, congenital heart block,[2] coronary ischemia, dilated cardiomyopathy, Ebstein's anomaly |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker,[3] cardiac glycosides, cholinesterase inhibitor, digitalis |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Amyloidosis |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Cardiac surgery |
| Infectious Disease | Aspergillosis myocarditis, bacterial endocarditis, Chagas disease, diphtheria |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | Amyloidosis |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | Alcohol intoxication[4][5]|- |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Becker muscular dystrophy, Churg-Strauss syndrome,[6] degenerative diseases, dermatomyositis, |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Third degree AV block causes developed by WikiDoc.org
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acute rheumatic fever
- Alcohol intoxication[4][5]
- Amyloidosis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Aspergillosis myocarditis
- Atrial septal defect
- Bacterial endocarditis
- Becker muscular dystrophy
- Beta-blocker
- Calcium channel blocker[3]
- Cardiac glycosides
- Cardiac surgery
- Chagas disease
- Cholinesterase inhibitor
- Churg-Strauss syndrome)[6],
- Congenital heart block[2]
- Coronary ischemia
- Degenerative diseases
- Dermatomyositis
- Digitalis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Diphtheria
- Ebstein's anomaly
- Endocardial cushion defect
- Enhanced vagal tone
- Erb's dystrophy,
- Hemochromatosis
- Hodgkin disease
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypertension[7]
- Hyperthyroidism[8]
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy alcohol septal ablation[9]
- Idiopathic heart block[10][2]
- idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
- Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- Lyme disease[11][12][13]
- Mitochondrial myopathy
- Multiple myeloma
- Muscular dystrophy[14]
- Myocardial infarction [1]
- Myocarditis
- Myotonic muscular dystrophy
- Nail-patella syndrome
- Noncompaction cardiomyopathy
- Peroneal muscular atrophy
- Procainamide
- Quinidine
- Reiter's syndrome
- Relapsing polychondritis
- Sarcoidosis
- Scleroderma[15],
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Thalassemia major[16]
- Transposition of the great vessels
- Trauma[17][18]
- Tumor[19][20]
- Valvular heart disease
- Varicella zoster
- Ventricular septal defect
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Malla RR, Sayami A (2007). "In hospital complications and mortality of patients of inferior wall myocardial infarction with right ventricular infarction". JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 46 (167): 99–102. PMID 18274563.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Congenital complete atrioventricular block". Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wills BK, Liu JM, Wahl M (2010). "Third-degree AV block [from extended-release diltiazem ingestion in a nine-month-old". J Emerg Med. 38 (3): 328–31. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.10.053. PMID 18403171. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 van Cleef AN, Schuurman MJ, Busari JO (2011). "Third-degree atrioventricular block in an adolescent following acute alcohol intoxication". BMJ Case Rep. 2011. doi:10.1136/bcr.07.2011.4547. PMID 22679160.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Brvar M, Bunc M (2009). "High-degree atrioventricular block in acute ethanol poisoning: a case report". Cases J. 2: 8559. doi:10.4076/1757-1626-2-8559. PMC 2769457. PMID 19918387.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tian Z, Fang Q, Zhao DC; et al. (2010). "[The clinico-pathological manifestation of cardiac involvement in eosinophilic diseases]". Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi (in Chinese). 49 (8): 684–7. PMID 20979789. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Lionakis N, Moyssakis I, Gialafos E, Dalianis N, Votteas V (2008). "Aortic dissection and third-degree atrioventricular block in a patient with a hypertensive crisis". J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 10 (1): 69–72. PMID 18174773. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Amasyalı B, Barçın C, Kılıç A (2011). "[Supra-His complete atrioventricular block in a patient with subclinical hyperthyroidism]". Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars (in Turkish). 39 (8): 693–6. PMID 22257810. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Liu R, Qiao SB, Hu FH, Yang WX, Yuan JS (2012). "[Clinical features of five patients with delayed third degree atrioventricular block after ethanol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]". Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi (in Chinese). 40 (12): 1009–11. PMID 23363714. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sykes JA, Lubega J, Ezetendu C, Verma R, O'Connor B, Kalyanaraman M (2011). "Asymptomatic complete atrioventricular block in a 13-year-old girl". Pediatr Emerg Care. 27 (11): 1081–3. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182360674. PMID 22068075. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bhattacharya IS, Dweck M, Francis M (2010). "Lyme carditis: a reversible cause of complete atrioventricular block". J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 40 (2): 121–2. doi:10.4997/JRCPE.2010.207. PMID 21125053. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wagner V, Zima E, Gellér L, Merkely B (2010). "[Acute atrioventricular block in chronic Lyme disease]". Orv Hetil (in Hungarian). 151 (39): 1585–90. doi:10.1556/OH.2010.28965. PMID 20840915. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Semmler D, Blank R, Rupprecht H (2010). "Complete AV block in Lyme carditis: an important differential diagnosis". Clin Res Cardiol. 99 (8): 519–26. doi:10.1007/s00392-010-0152-8. PMID 20464556. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Facenda-Lorenzo M, Hernández-Afonso J, Rodríguez-Esteban M, de León-Hernández JC, Grillo-Pérez JJ (2012). "Cardiac Manifestations in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patients Followed Using a Standard Protocol in a Specialized Unit". Rev Esp Cardiol. doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2012.08.011. PMID 23194837. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Femenía F, Arce M, Arrieta M (2010). "[Systemic sclerosis complicated with syncope and complete AV block]". Medicina (B Aires) (in Spanish; Castilian). 70 (5): 442–4. PMID 20920962.
- ↑ Maleki AR, Nikyar B, Hosseini SM (2012). "Third-Degree Heart Block in Thalassemia major: A Case Report". Iran J Pediatr. 22 (2): 260–4. PMC 3446065. PMID 23056897. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Thakar S, Chandra P, Pednekar M, Kabalkin C, Shani J (2012). "Complete heart block following a blow on the chest by a soccer ball: a rare manifestation of commotio cordis". Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 17 (3): 280–2. doi:10.1111/j.1542-474X.2012.00518.x. PMID 22816548. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Portet N, Riu B, Bounes V, Minville V, Fourcade O (2012). "Left ventricular-right atrial communication with third-degree atrioventricular block after thoracic trauma". J Emerg Med. 43 (6): e385–8. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.11.059. PMID 21621364. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Frikha Z, Abid L, Abid D; et al. (2011). "Cardiac tamponade and paroxysmal third-degree atrioventricular block revealing a primary cardiac non-Hodgkin large B-cell lymphoma of the right ventricle: a case report". J Med Case Rep. 5: 433. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-433. PMC 3180417. PMID 21892927.
- ↑ Houchaymi Z, Helou S, Ballout J (2010). "[Pericardial tamponade and third-degree atrioventricular block revealing a primary cardiac lymphoma]". Rev Med Interne (in French). 31 (11): e4–6. doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2010.01.014. PMID 20605278. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)