Sinus arrhythmia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Overview

Sinus arrhythmia is a variation in the rate of the SA node. It is the most common type of arrhythmia and is considered to be a normal variant. It is more common in the young, especially with slower heart rates or after enhanced vagal tone.^[1] It also decreases with age or with auatonomic dysfunction.^[2] The formal definition of sinus arrhythmia is a variation in the P-P interval by 0.12 sec (120 msec) or more in the presence of normal P waves and the usual PR interval. There are two types of sinus arrhythmia: respiratory, or phasic; and nonrespiratory, or nonphasic.

Classification

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Non-respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

In this type, the variation in the P-P interval is unrelated to the respiratory cycle. It can occur in the normal heart, the diseased heart or a side effect of some medications.

Ventriculophasic Sinus Arrhythmia

A ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia occurs most often in patients with third degree AV block, but it's also observed after a compensatory pause induced by a premature ventricular contraction.^[3]

References

↑ Kaushal P, Taylor JA (2002). "Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia". J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (9): 1524–30. PMID 11985918.
↑ Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT (2007). "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension". Biol Psychol. 74 (2): 212–23. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006. PMC 1804292. PMID 17034928.
↑ de Marchena E, Colvin-Adams M, Esnard J, Ridha M, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ (2003). "Ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia in the orthotopic transplanted heart: mechanism of disease revisited". Int J Cardiol. 91 (1): 71–4. PMID 12957731.

[pmid11985918-1] Kaushal P, Taylor JA (2002). "Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia". J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (9): 1524–30. PMID 11985918.

[pmid17034928-2] Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT (2007). "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension". Biol Psychol. 74 (2): 212–23. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006. PMC 1804292. PMID 17034928.

[pmid12957731-3] Marchena E, Colvin-Adams M, Esnard J, Ridha M, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ (2003). "Ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia in the orthotopic transplanted heart: mechanism of disease revisited". Int J Cardiol. 91 (1): 71–4. PMID 12957731.

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