Lipoprotein disorders
| Lipoprotein disorders | ||
| ICD-10 | E78 | |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 272 | |
| MeSH | C18.452.339 | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia
Overview
Dyslipidemia is a disruption in the amount of lipids in the blood.
In western societies, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet and lifestyle. The prolonged elevation of insulin levels can lead to dyslipidemia.
Classification
There are two major ways in which dyslipidemias are classified:
- Phenotype, or the presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
- Etiology, or the reason for the condition (genetic, or secondary to another condition.) This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.
Algorithm
| Dyslipidemia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hypolipidemia | Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Familial combined hypolipidemia | Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassenn-Kornzweig syndrome) | Primary hyperlipidemia | Secondary hyperlipidemia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fredrickson classification | Alcoholism Anorexia nervosa Diabetes Drugs Nephrotic syndrome Obesity Renal insufficiency Thyroid disease | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type I: Familial hyperchylomicronemia | Type II | Type III: Dysbetalipoproteinemia | Type IV: Familial hypertriglyceridemia | Type V: Familial mixed hypertriglycerideimia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type A: Familial hypercholesterolemia | Type B: Familial combined hyperlipidemia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type A | Type B | Type C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Types
Increases
- Hyperlipoproteinemia: lipoproteins (usually LDL unless otherwise specified)
- Hyperchylomicronemia: chylomicrons
- Combined hyperlipidemia: both LDL and triglycerides
- Familial hypercholesterolemia is a specific form of hypercholesterolemia due to a defect on chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3).
Decreases
- Hypolipoproteinemia: lipoproteins
- Hypocholesterolemia: cholesterol
- Abetalipoproteinemia: beta lipoproteins
- Tangier disease: high density lipoprotein