High triglyceride causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]

Overview

Hypertriglyceridemia can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Diabetes mellitus
• Obesity

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Alström syndrome, apoprotein E deficiency, chylomicron levels raised (plasma), familial chylomicronemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, familial type 5, intermediate density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum), metabolic syndrome, Reaven syndrome X
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect	Amprenavir, atazanavir sulfate, atypical antipsychotics, bendrofluazide, beta-blockers, bexarotene, chlorthalidone, clomiphene, colesevelam hydrochloride, colestyramine, combined oral contraceptive pill, desvenlafaxine, diuretics, estrogen replacement therapy, fosamprenavir, glucocorticoids, hydrochlorothiazide, interferon alpha, linagliptin, lopinavir, mirtazapine, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, olanzapine, oral isotretinoin, propofol, protease inhibitors, ritonavir, saquinavir, tamoxifen, temsirolimus, tipranavir, tocilizumab
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Cushing's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, Reaven syndrome X
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute pancreatitis, Alagille syndrome, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, cholesteryl ester storage disease, glycogen storage disease type 1, glycogenosis type 1a, liver cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Genetic	Alagille syndrome, Alström syndrome, apoprotein E deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, cholesteryl ester storage disease, congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1, deficiency of apolipoprotein C2 , familial chylomicronemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial histiocytic reticulosis, familial hypertriglyceridemia, fish eye disease, glycogen storage disease type 1, glycogenosis type 1a, hyperlipoproteinemia, familial type 5, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, Reaven syndrome X, sphingomyelinase deficiency, Tangier disease
Hematologic	Familial histiocytic reticulosis
Iatrogenic	Parenteral nutrition
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Systemic lupus erythematosus
Neurologic	Niemann-Pick disease type B, sphingomyelinase deficiency
Nutritional/Metabolic	Alcohol, apoprotein E deficiency, chylomicron levels raised (plasma), deficiency of apolipoprotein C2, familial chylomicronemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, glycogen storage disease type 1, glycogenosis type 1a, high carbohydrate or high glycemic index, hyperlipoproteinemia, familial type 5, intermediate density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum), lipodystrophy, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, metabolic syndrome, obesity, Reaven syndrome X, Tangier disease, very low density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum), vitamin E deficiency, familial isolated
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	Diabetes mellitus, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Chronic kidney disease, chronic renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Macrophage activation syndrome, metabolic syndrome, paraproteinemias, Reaven syndrome X, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcohol

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Acute pancreatitis Alagille syndrome Alcohol Alström syndrome Amprenavir Apoprotein E deficiency Atazanavir sulfate Atypical antipsychotics Bendrofluazide Beta-blockers Bexarotene Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency Chlorthalidone Cholesteryl ester storage disease Chronic kidney disease Chronic renal insufficiency Chylomicron levels raised (plasma) Clomiphene Colesevelam hydrochloride Colestyramine Combined oral contraceptive pill Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1 Cushing's syndrome Deficiency of apolipoprotein C2 Desvenlafaxine Diabetes mellitus Diuretics Estrogen replacement therapy Familial chylomicronemia Familial combined hyperlipidemia Familial histiocytic reticulosis Familial hypertriglyceridemia Fish eye disease Fosamprenavir Glucocorticoids Glycogen storage disease type 1 Glycogenosis type 1a High carbohydrate or high glycemic index Hydrochlorothiazide

Hyperlipoproteinemia, familial type 5 Hypothyroidism Insulin resistance Interferon alpha Intermediate density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum) Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency Linagliptin Lipodystrophy Lipoprotein lipase deficiency Liver cirrhosis Lopinavir Macrophage activation syndrome Metabolic syndrome Mirtazapine Nephrotic syndrome Niemann-Pick disease type B Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Obesity Olanzapine Oral isotretinoin Paraproteinemias Parenteral nutrition Polycystic ovary syndrome Pregnancy Propofol Protease inhibitors Reaven syndrome X Ritonavir Saquinavir Sphingomyelinase deficiency Systemic lupus erythematosus Tamoxifen Tangier disease Temsirolimus Tipranavir Tocilizumab Very low density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum) Vitamin E deficiency, familial isolated