WBR0608
| Author | [[PageAuthor::Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [1]]] |
|---|---|
| Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
| Main Category | MainCategory::Immunology, MainCategory::Microbiology |
| Sub Category | SubCategory::General Principles |
| Prompt | [[Prompt::With effect from December 14, 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) commenced a new vaccination criteria to help decide which vaccines should be required as part of the immigration process. Therefore, the human papillomavirus (HPV) and zoster vaccines were removed from the list of vaccines because these viruses are not known to cause outbreaks.
Which of the following is an inactivated/killed vaccine?]] |
| Answer A | AnswerA::Yellow fever |
| Answer A Explanation | AnswerAExp::This is a live, attenuated vaccine. |
| Answer B | AnswerB::Typhoid vaccine |
| Answer B Explanation | AnswerBExp::This is a live, attenuated vaccine. |
| Answer C | AnswerC::Diphtheria |
| Answer C Explanation | AnswerCExp::This is an example of a toxoid or inactivated toxin. |
| Answer D | AnswerD::Human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| Answer D Explanation | AnswerDExp::This belongs to the group subunit/conjugate type i.e., they are prepared using a protein subunit of the microorganism or using a poorly immunogenic polysaccharide capsule. |
| Answer E | AnswerE::Hepatitis A vaccine |
| Answer E Explanation | AnswerEExp::This is an example of an inactivated or heat killed vaccine. |
| Right Answer | RightAnswer::E |
| Explanation | [[Explanation::A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.
Vaccines may be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g. vaccines against cancer are also being investigated). There are four major types of vaccines:
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| Approved | Approved::No |
| Keyword | WBRKeyword::Live vaccines, WBRKeyword::killed vaccines |
| Linked Question | Linked:: |
| Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |
