Chronic hypertension history and symptoms

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Hypertension Main page

Overview

Causes

Classification

Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergency
Hypertensive Urgency

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Taylor Palmieri

Overview

Hypertension is usually found incidentally by healthcare professionals during a routine checkup. The only test for hypertension is a blood pressure measurement.

History

Symptoms

Although the vast majority of patients with hypertension are asymptomatic, symptoms of hypertension are as follows:

  • Headache
  • Blurry vision
  • Dyspnea
  • Epistaxis
  • Tinnitus
  • Fatigue
  • Drowsiness
  • Other symptoms that might suggest secondary etiologies of hypertension, such as snoring, hair loss, flushing, palpitations etc.


Risk Factors

  • Age
  • Ethnicity
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Known cardiovascular diseases
  • Known kidney diseases
  • Diet
  • Obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle


Target Organ Damage

Heart

  • Angina
  • Prior MI
  • Prior coronary revascularizations
  • Aneurysm
  • Symptoms of heart failure
  • Symptoms of peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Brain

  • Stroke
  • Intracranial hemorrhage
  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • Dementia

Kidneys

  • Proteinuria
  • Hematuria
  • Renal failure

Eyes

  • Retinopathy

2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines For The Management of Arterial Hypertension (DO NOT EDIT)[1]

Summary of Recommendations on History (DO NOT EDIT)[1]

Class I
"1. It is recommended to obtain a comprehensive medical history and physical examination in all patients with hypertension to verify the diagnosis, detect causes of secondary hypertension, record CV risk factors, and to identify organ damage and other CVDs. (Level of Evidence: C)"
"2. Obtaining a family history is recommended to investigate familial predisposition to hypertension and CVDs. (Level of Evidence: B)"

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Authors/Task Force Members. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A; et al. (2013). "2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)". Eur Heart J. 34 (28): 2159–219. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht151. PMID 23771844.

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