Nephrotic syndrome laboratory findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Laboratory Findings
For the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome[1]:
- 24-hour urine collection shows proteinuria > 3.5g/24 hrs
- Urine dipstick confirms proteinuria
- Urine protein/creatinine ratio > 3
When nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed (proteinuria > 3.5 g/24 hrs), the following laboratory evaluation is needed[1]:
- Low serum albumin levels
- Serum chemistry panel is generally normal. Pseudohyponatremia due to hyperlipidemia may be present.
- Abnormal lipid panel
- Normal/elevated plasma creatinine levels
Other tests may be necessary to rule-out secondary etiologies of nephrotic syndrome[1]:
- Fasting plasma glucose
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA) panel
- Hepatic enzymes
- Serologic tests for HBV and HCV
- HIV screening test
- Rheumatoid factor
- Cryoglobulins
- Complement C3 and C4 levels
- VDRL or RPR
- Serum and urine protein electrophoresis