Blastomycosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Developed Countries
In the United States, blastomycosis is endemic in the Mississippi river and Ohio river basins and around the Great Lakes. The annual incidence is less than 1 case per 100,000 people in Mississippi, Louisiana, Kentucky, and Arkansas. The cases are greater in northern states such as Wisconsin, where from 1986 to 1995 there were 1.4 cases per 100,000 people.[1]
In Canada, most cases of blastomycosis occur in northwestern Ontario, particularly around the Kenora, Ontario area. The moist, acidic soil in the surrounding woodland harbors the fungus. Recently, Quebac was identified as an area endemic for blastomycosis with an incidence of 0.133/100,000. [2]
International
Blastomycosis is distributed internationally; cases are sometimes reported from Africa.[3] It was originally thought that the fungus affects middle-aged men who work outdoors, however the studies conducted on reported outbreaks do not show any predilection based on age, sex, race, occupation or season. It prefers to grow in warm, moist soil rich, in organic materials and exposure to soil seems to be the only common factor among patients.
References
- ↑ "Blastomycosis--Wisconsin, 1986-1995". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 45 (28): 601–3. 1996. PMID 8676851.
- ↑ Litvinov, IV.; St-Germain, G.; Pelletier, R.; Paradis, M.; Sheppard, DC. (2013). "Endemic human blastomycosis in Quebec, Canada, 1988-2011". Epidemiol Infect. 141 (6): 1143–7. doi:10.1017/S0950268812001860. PMID 22929032. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Alvarez G, Burns B, Desjardins M, Salahudeen S, AlRashidi F, Cameron D (2006). "Blastomycosis in a young African man presenting with a pleural effusion". Can Respir J. 13 (8): 441–4. PMID 17149463.