Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus Main page

Patient Information

Type 1
Type 2

Overview

Classification

Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Gestational diabetes

Differential Diagnosis

Complications

Screening

Diagnosis

Prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Karol Gema Hernandez, M.D. [2]

I. Classification and Diagnosis

A. Classification

B. Diagnosis of Diabetes

C. Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes)

II. Testing for Diabetes in Asymptomatic Patients

A. Testing for Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Future Diabetes in Adults

B. Screening for Type 2 Diabetes in Children

C. Screening for Type 1 Diabetes

III. Detection and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

IV. Prevention/Delay of Type 2 Diabetes

V. Diabetes Care

A. Initial Evaluation

B. Management

C. Glycemic Control

1. Assessment of Glycemic Control
a. Glucose Monitoring
b. A1C
2. Glycemic Goals in Adults

D. Pharmacological and Overall Approaches to Treatment

1. Insulin Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
2. Pharmacological Therapy for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

E. Medical Nutrition Therapy

F. Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

G. Physical Activity

  • Frequency and Type of Exercise
  • Pre-exercise Evaluation of the Diabetic Patient
  • Exercise in the Presence of Nonoptimal Glycemic Control
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Exercise in the Presence of Specific Long-Term Complications of Diabetes
  • Retinopathy
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Autonomic Neuropathy
  • Albuminuria and Nephropathy

H. Psychosocial Assessment and Care

I. When Treatment Goals Are Not Met

J. Intercurrent Illness

K. Hypoglycemia

L. Bariatric Surgery

M. Immunization

VI. Prevention and Management of Diabetes Complications

A. CVD

1. Hypertension/blood pressure control
2. Dyslipidemia/Lipid Management
3. Antiplatelet Agents
4. Smoking Cessation
5. CHD Screening and Treatment

B. Nephropathy Screening and Treatment

C. Retinopathy Screening and Treatment

D. Neuropathy Screening and Treatment

E. Foot Care

VII. Assessment of Common Comorbid Conditions

VIII. Diabetes Care in Specific Populations

A. Children and Adolescents

1. Type 1 Diabetes
2. Type 2 Diabetes
3. Monogenic Diabetes Syndromes

B. Preconception Care

C. Older Adults

D. Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes

IX. Diabetes Care in Specific Settings

A. Diabetes Care in the Hospital

1. Glycemic Targets in Hospitalized Patients
2. Antihyperglycemic Agents in Hospitalized Patients
3. Preventing Hypoglycemia
4. Diabetes Care Providers in the Hospital
5. Self-Management in the Hospital
6. MNT in the Hospital
7. Bedside Blood Glucose Monitoring
8. Discharge Planning and DSME

B. Diabetes and Employment

C. Diabetes and Driving

D. Diabetes Management in Correctional Institutions

X. Strategies for Improving Diabetes Care

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