Renal cell carcinoma risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Risk factors

Most patients with renal cell carcinoma do not have typical risk factors; their cause of developing renal cell carcinoma remains unknown. Established risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma are shown below:

• Active and passive cigarette smoking(5,6)
• Obesity (7,8)
• Hypertension
• End-stage renal failure(13,14)

• Acquired cystic renal disease (13,14)

• Acetaminophen and analgesic drug use
• Asbestos or trichloroethylene exposure(15)
• Tuberous sclerosis (13,14)
• von-Hippel Lindau(17)
• Hereditary paraganglioma (0)
• Leiomyomatosis
• Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome(0)