Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Symptoms

Patients with renal cell carcinoma typically present at 60-70 years of age. The most common diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is based on the incidental finding; whereby most patients are asymptomatic. Symptoms are often classified as local and systemic.

Local Symptoms

The presence of local signs is considered a poor prognostic marker[1]. Common local symptoms are listed below[1]:

  • Hematuria
  • Flank pain
  • Palpable abdominal mass

Systemic Symptoms

The presence of systemic symptoms is mostly due to the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome, mostly due to the presence of parathyroid-related protein (PTHrp) or a metastasis.[1] Common systemic symptoms are listed below[1]:

  • Hypertension (renin secretion)
  • Hypercalcemia (PTHrp secretion)
  • Flushing (Erythroprotein secretion)
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Anorexia
  • Muscle atrophy

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B (2009). "Renal cell carcinoma". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1119–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4. PMID 19269025.