Enterovirus 68
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2] Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [3]
Overview
Origin and serotypes
Enteroviruses were divided into four subgroups based on the diseases they cause in humans. The Four subgroups were polioviruses, coxsackie A viruses, coxsackie B viruses, and echovirus. However, on further studies it was found and understood that, some coxsackie and echoviruses had overlapping antigenic properties with respect to the diseases they caused in mice. As a result, they were all later described as enteroviruses and numbered sequentially, beginning with enterovirus 68 (EV68). Current classifications systems are based on molecular, antigenic as well as biological properties of these viruses. The enterovirus family is presently subgrouped into 5 categories: Poliovirus, Human enterovirus A (HEV-A), HEV-B, HEV-C and HEV-D.
EV68 first came into picture when it caused pneumonia and bronchiolitis in foru children in california in 1962. Ten times EV68 has been isolated the most recent being 2014. The other isolations were in the years 1970, 1987, 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2003. Antigen typing reagents are not available in all facilities and hence EV68 involvement might be underestimated.
Human rhinovirus 87 was isolated at the same time as EV68. Corn is a prototype of HRV87 and is very unique in its receptor quality. Cross neutralization and partial capsid sequence studie shave revealed that HRV-87 Corn belongs to the same group as EV68.
A study on 1962 isolates of EV68 have shown genome sequences of the 5′-non-translated (NTR) and 3D polymerase coding regions and complete VP1 capsid protein coding region sequence.