Sandbox/22

General Approach

Characterize the symptoms: ❑ Low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin level ❑ Difficulty concentrating ❑ Difficulty sleeping ❑ Dizziness ❑ Easy fatigability ❑ Headache ❑ Pale skin ❑ Rapid heart beat ❑ Shortness of breath ❑ Low white blood cell count ❑ Abnormal bleeding ❑ Fever ❑ Irritability ❑ Neurasthenia ❑ Recurrent infections - canker sores, gingivitis, periodontitis ❑ Low platelet count ❑ Blood in urine or stool ❑ Easy or excessive bruising ❑ Heavy menstrual flow ❑ Prolonged bleeding during surgery or after dental work ❑ Prolonged bleeding from cuts

Obtain a detailed history: ❑ Review medical records ❑ Past medical history ❑ Previous blood transfusion ❑ Cardiovascular disease ❑ Trauma ❑ Previous Surgery ❑ Infections e.g., HIV ❑ Malignancy ❑ Chronic kidney disease ❑ Medications - anticoagulants, thrombolytics -

Examine the patient: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

Order laboratory tests: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

Pre-transfusion preparation: ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

Low hemoglobin level

Coagulopathy

Low platelets

Coagulation factor deficiency

Indications

Indications

Indications

Consider fresh frozen plasma

Consider cryoprepitate

Consider prothrombin complex concentrate