Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifylline
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sheng Shi, M.D. [2]

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Overview

Pentoxifylline is a Methylxanthine that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of treatment of patients with intermittent claudication on the basis of chronic occlusive arterial disease of the limbs. Common adverse reactions include nausea , vomiting.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

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• Dosing Information

(Dosage)

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Contraindications

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Contraindications in the drug label.

Warnings

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Warnings' in the drug label.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Clinical Trials Experience in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): There is no FDA guidance on usage of Pentoxifylline in women who are pregnant.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Pentoxifylline in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Pentoxifylline during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline in women who are nursing.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline in pediatric settings.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline in geriatric settings.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pentoxifylline in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Pentoxifylline in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Administration in the drug label.

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Pentoxifylline and IV administrations.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Pharmacokinetics in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Clinical Studies in the drug label.

How Supplied

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline How Supplied in the drug label.

Storage

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Pentoxifylline interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor regarding the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Brand Names in the drug label.

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Pentoxifylline Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pentoxifylline

File:Pentoxifylline.png
Clinical data
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	C04AD03 (WHO)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Near 100% for oral dosing
Metabolism	Hepatic and via erythrocytes
Elimination half-life	0.4 - 0.8 hours (1 - 1.6 hours for active metabolite)
Excretion	Mainly urine (<4% feces)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione
CAS Number	6493-05-6
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H18N4O3
Molar mass	278.31

Pentoxifylline is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) of a drug sold by Aventis under the name Trental. Its chemical name is 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3, 7-dimethylxanthine. Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative.

This drug is passed into the breast milk. Animal studies have shown no evidence of teratogenicity at high doses.

Uses

It is used to treat intermittent claudication resulting from obstructed arteries in the limbs, and vascular dementia.

Pentoxifylline improves blood flow through blood vessels and therefore helps with blood circulation in the arms and legs (e.g. intermittent claudication).

It also helps prevent strokes, can be used in managing sickle cell disease and improves blood flow to the brain.

Pentoxifylline has also been used to treat nausea and headaches in the mountains (altitude sickness).

Mechanism

Pentoxifylline is a PDE4 inhibitor increasing intracellular cAMP and stimulating PKA activity.

It is also a known inhibitor of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Drug interaction

Co-administration of pentoxifylline and sodium thiopental causes death by acute pulmonary oedema in rats.

Alternate brand names

• Pentoxil (Upsher Smith)
• Pentoxin (Ratiopharm)
• Artal (Leiras)

External links

• Trental information from Aventis
• Reprinted article on veterinary use