Cardiogenic shock physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Physical Examination

Vital Signs

• Hypotension may be present due to a decrease in cardiac output.
• Tachycardia with a rapid, weak, thready rapid pulse is present.
• Pulse pressure is reduced.

Neck

• Distended jugular veins due to increased jugular venous pressure.

Skin

• Cyanosis, cool, clammy, and mottled skin (cutis marmorata), due to vasoconstriction and subsequent hypoperfusion of the skin are often present.

Lungs

• Rapid and deep respirations (hyperventilation) due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation by stretch receptors and as compensation for metabolic acidosis.

• Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) due to insufficient pumping of the heart, fluid backs up into the lungs.

Genitourinary

• Oliguria (low urine output) due insufficient renal perfusion is present if the condition persists.

References

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