Polymyalgia rheumatica pathophysiology
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The underlying pathophysiology of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) remains unknown.[1] It has been hypothesized that genetic and environmental factors are implicated, particularly due to the seasonal and geographical differences in the prevalence of this disease.[2][3][4] It has also been hypothesized that PMR is associated with infections such as parainfluenza virus type 1,[5] mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and parvovirus B19.[6] In addition, histological exam of synovial biopsies of affected individuals revealed mild synovitis with predominance of CD4 T cells and macrophages.
References
- ↑ Kermani TA, Warrington KJ (2013). "Polymyalgia rheumatica". Lancet. 381 (9860): 63–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1. PMID 23051717.
- ↑ Smeeth L, Cook C, Hall AJ (2006). "Incidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990-2001". Ann Rheum Dis. 65 (8): 1093–8. doi:10.1136/ard.2005.046912. PMC 1798240. PMID 16414971.
- ↑ Alvarez-Rodriguez L, Carrasco-Marin E, Lopez-Hoyos M, Mata C, Fernandez-Prieto L, Ruiz-Soto M; et al. (2009). "Interleukin-1RN gene polymorphisms in elderly patients with rheumatic inflammatory chronic conditions: Association of IL-1RN*2/2 genotype with polymyalgia rheumatica". Hum Immunol. 70 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2008.10.011. PMID 19026700.
- ↑ Cimmino MA, Caporali R, Montecucco CM, Rovida S, Baratelli E, Broggini M (1990). "A seasonal pattern in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica". Ann Rheum Dis. 49 (7): 521–3. PMC 1004141. PMID 2383076.
- ↑ Duhaut P, Bosshard S, Calvet A, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, Dumontet C; et al. (1999). "Giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and viral hypotheses: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Artérite à Cellules Géantes". J Rheumatol. 26 (2): 361–9. PMID 9972970.
- ↑ Elling P, Olsson AT, Elling H (1996). "Synchronous variations of the incidence of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in different regions of Denmark; association with epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection". J Rheumatol. 23 (1): 112–9. PMID 8838518.