Livedoid vasculitis
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Livedo reticularis; livedo vasculitis; livedoid vasculopathy; primary livedo reticularis; idiopathic livedo reticularis; vitiligo reticularis
Overview
Livedoid vasculitis is a vascular disorder mostly affecting women. It may be aggravated by exposure to cold and occurs most often in the lower extremities. It can also be associated with the presence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (the Antiphospholipid syndrome).
Historical Perspective
The condition's name derives from the Latin livere meaning bluish.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Anticardiolipin antibodies
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Factor V Leiden mutation
- Hyperhomocysteinemia
- Lupus anticoagulant
- Protein C deficiency
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Treatment
Other than identifying and treating any underlying conditions in secondary livedo,[6] idiopathic livedo reticularis itself may improve with warming the legs, but once established the skin discolouration may become permanent.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Keller MS, Lee J, Webster GF (2008). "Livedoid thrombotic vasculopathy responding to doxycycline therapy". J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 1 (4): 22–4. PMC 3016933. PMID 21212844.
- ↑ Namazi MR, Kerchner KR, Pichardo RO (2008). "Essential type II mixed cryoglobulinemia causing pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcers". ScientificWorldJournal. 8: 228. doi:10.1100/tsw.2008.44. PMID 18335149.
- ↑ Toth C, Trotter M, Clark A, Zochodne D (2003). "Mononeuropathy multiplex in association with livedoid vasculitis". Muscle Nerve. 28 (5): 634–9. doi:10.1002/mus.10450. PMID 14571469.
- ↑ Thomas JR, Winkelmann RK (1983). "Vascular ulcers in scleroderma". Arch Dermatol. 119 (10): 803–7. PMID 6137196.
- ↑ Yasue T (1986). "Livedoid vasculitis and central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus". Arch Dermatol. 122 (1): 66–70. PMID 3942409.
- ↑ Fleischer A, Resnick S (1990). "Livedo reticularis". Dermatol Clin. 8 (2): 347–54. PMID 2191805.