Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM12gene.[1][2] ADAM12 has two splice variants: ADAM12-L, the long form, has a transmembrane region and ADAM12-S, a shorter variant, is soluble and lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains.[3]
This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) protein family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. This gene has two alternatively spliced transcripts: a shorter secreted form and a longer membrane-bound form. The shorter form is found to stimulate myogenesis.[4]
Clinical Significance
ADAM 12, a metalloprotease that binds insulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), appears to be an effective early Down syndrome marker. Decreased levels of ADAM 12 may be detected in cases of trisomy 21 as early as 8 to 10 weeks gestation. Maternal serum ADAM 12 and PAPP-A levels at 8 to 9 weeks gestation in combination with maternal age yielded a 91% detection rate for Down syndrome at a 5% false-positive rate. When nuchal translucency data from approximately 12 weeks gestation was added, this increased the detection rate to 97%.[5]
↑Gilpin BJ, Loechel F, Mattei MG, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM (Feb 1998). "A novel, secreted form of human ADAM 12 (meltrin alpha) provokes myogenesis in vivo". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1): 157–66. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.1.157. PMID9417060.
↑Kveiborg M, Albrechtsen R, Couchman JR, Wewer UM (Jun 2008). "Cellular roles of ADAM12 in health and disease". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 40 (9): 1685–702. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.01.025. PMID18342566.
↑Yagami-Hiromasa T, Sato T, Kurisaki T, Kamijo K, Nabeshima Y, Fujisawa-Sehara A (1995). "A metalloprotease-disintegrin participating in myoblast fusion". Nature. 377 (6550): 652–6. doi:10.1038/377652a0. PMID7566181.
↑Estrella C, Rocks N, Paulissen G, Quesada-Calvo F, Noel A, Vilain E, Lassalle P, Tillie-Leblond I, Cataldo D, Gosset P (2009). "Role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease-12 in neutrophil recruitment induced by airway epithelium". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 41 (4): 449–58. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0124OC. PMID19213876.
↑Galliano MF, Huet C, Frygelius J, Polgren A, Wewer UM, Engvall E (May 2000). "Binding of ADAM12, a marker of skeletal muscle regeneration, to the muscle-specific actin-binding protein, alpha -actinin-2, is required for myoblast fusion". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (18): 13933–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.18.13933. PMID10788519.
↑Loechel F, Fox JW, Murphy G, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM (Nov 2000). "ADAM 12-S cleaves IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 and is inhibited by TIMP-3". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 278 (3): 511–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3835. PMID11095942.
↑Kang Q, Cao Y, Zolkiewska A (Jul 2001). "Direct interaction between the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM 12 and the Src homology 3 domain of p85alpha activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in C2C12 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (27): 24466–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101162200. PMID11313349.
Further reading
Kang Q, Cao Y, Zolkiewska A (2001). "Direct interaction between the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM 12 and the Src homology 3 domain of p85alpha activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in C2C12 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (27): 24466–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101162200. PMID11313349.
Loechel F, Gilpin BJ, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM (1998). "Human ADAM 12 (meltrin alpha) is an active metalloprotease". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (27): 16993–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.27.16993. PMID9642263.
Howard L, Nelson KK, Maciewicz RA, Blobel CP (1999). "Interaction of the metalloprotease disintegrins MDC9 and MDC15 with two SH3 domain-containing proteins, endophilin I and SH3PX1". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (44): 31693–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.44.31693. PMID10531379.
Galliano MF, Huet C, Frygelius J, Polgren A, Wewer UM, Engvall E (2000). "Binding of ADAM12, a marker of skeletal muscle regeneration, to the muscle-specific actin-binding protein, alpha -actinin-2, is required for myoblast fusion". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (18): 13933–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.18.13933. PMID10788519.
Shi Z, Xu W, Loechel F, Wewer UM, Murphy LJ (2000). "ADAM 12, a disintegrin metalloprotease, interacts with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (24): 18574–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002172200. PMID10849447.
Eto K, Puzon-McLaughlin W, Sheppard D, Sehara-Fujisawa A, Zhang XP, Takada Y (2001). "RGD-independent binding of integrin alpha9beta1 to the ADAM-12 and -15 disintegrin domains mediates cell-cell interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (45): 34922–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001953200. PMID10944520.
Loechel F, Fox JW, Murphy G, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM (2001). "ADAM 12-S cleaves IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 and is inhibited by TIMP-3". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 278 (3): 511–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3835. PMID11095942.
Suzuki A, Kadota N, Hara T, Nakagami Y, Izumi T, Takenawa T, Sabe H, Endo T (2000). "Meltrin alpha cytoplasmic domain interacts with SH3 domains of Src and Grb2 and is phosphorylated by v-Src". Oncogene. 19 (51): 5842–50. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203986. PMID11127814.
Cao Y, Kang Q, Zhao Z, Zolkiewska A (2002). "Intracellular processing of metalloprotease disintegrin ADAM12". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (29): 26403–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110814200. PMID12000744.
Abram CL, Seals DF, Pass I, Salinsky D, Maurer L, Roth TM, Courtneidge SA (2003). "The adaptor protein fish associates with members of the ADAMs family and localizes to podosomes of Src-transformed cells". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (19): 16844–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300267200. PMID12615925.
Le Pabic H, Bonnier D, Wewer UM, Coutand A, Musso O, Baffet G, Clément B, Théret N (2003). "ADAM12 in human liver cancers: TGF-beta-regulated expression in stellate cells is associated with matrix remodeling". Hepatology. 37 (5): 1056–66. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50205. PMID12717386.
Kawaguchi N, Sundberg C, Kveiborg M, Moghadaszadeh B, Asmar M, Dietrich N, Thodeti CK, Nielsen FC, Möller P, Mercurio AM, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM (2004). "ADAM12 induces actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix reorganization during early adipocyte differentiation by regulating beta1 integrin function". J. Cell Sci. 116 (Pt 19): 3893–904. doi:10.1242/jcs.00699. PMID12915587.
Mori S, Tanaka M, Nanba D, Nishiwaki E, Ishiguro H, Higashiyama S, Matsuura N (2003). "PACSIN3 binds ADAM12/meltrin alpha and up-regulates ectodomain shedding of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (46): 46029–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306393200. PMID12952982.
Laigaard J, Sørensen T, Fröhlich C, Pedersen BN, Christiansen M, Schiøtt K, Uldbjerg N, Albrechtsen R, Clausen HV, Ottesen B, Wewer UM (2004). "ADAM12: a novel first-trimester maternal serum marker for Down syndrome". Prenat. Diagn. 23 (13): 1086–91. doi:10.1002/pd.762. PMID14691998.
External links
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M12.212