Anthrax other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Several studies are used for the diagnosis and monitoring of anthrax. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is ordered to confirm the virulence of the organism. In addition, lumbar puncture should be performed on admission when it is not contraindicated to search for the organism in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to to exclude other alternative diagnoses. Other diagnostic studies include an electrocardiogram and an echocardiogram to assess possible complications of anthrax such as atrial fibrillation and pericardial effusion.
Diagnostic Studies
Shown below is a table summarizing studies used to diagnose and monitor anthrax infection and its potential complications.[1][2][3]
| Test | Initial Findings | Serial Monitoring |
|---|---|---|
| PCR | Confirms virulence of organism by search for virulence factor genes Primers to the toxin gene Primer for the enzyme of capsule formation gene | |
| Lumbar puncture | At admission unless contraindicated | Headache Confusion Other neurologic symptom If meningitis, meningeal signs will only be present at a later stage |
| Other imaging | As relevant to site of exposure Evaluate edema Evaluate inflammation Evaluate necrosis |
For headache, confusion or other neurologic symptom If meningitis, meningeal signs will only be present at a later stage |
| EKG | Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response | |
| Echocardiogram | Evaluate for pericardial effusion Evaluate for myocardial dysfunction | |
References
- ↑ Hendricks, Katherine A.; Wright, Mary E.; Shadomy, Sean V.; Bradley, John S.; Morrow, Meredith G.; Pavia, Andy T.; Rubinstein, Ethan; Holty, Jon-Erik C.; Messonnier, Nancy E.; Smith, Theresa L.; Pesik, Nicki; Treadwell, Tracee A.; Bower, William A. (2014). "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Expert Panel Meetings on Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax in Adults". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (2). doi:10.3201/eid2002.130687. ISSN 1080-6040.
- ↑ "Anthrax in Humans and Animals" (PDF).
- ↑ "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Expert Panel Meetings on Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax in Adults".