Aspergillosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
The true incidence of aspergillosis is unknown since aspergillosis is not a reportable disease in the USA.[1] The annual incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is estimated to be 5 million cases worldwide.[1] In contrast, invasive aspergillosis is much less common with an incidence of approximately 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 individuals. There is no gender predilection for the development of aspergillosis. Individuals of all age groups may be affected with aspergillosis. Elderly patients with long-standing chronic lung diseases and neonates are more likely to develop aspergillosis. With the advancement of immunosuppressive therapy and higher rates of transplantation, the incidence and detection of aspergillosis is increasing in developed countries.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The true incidence of aspergillosis is unknown since aspergillosis is not a reportable disease in the USA.[1]
- The annual incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is estimated to be 5 million cases worldwide.[1]
- Approximately 2.5% of adults who have asthma also have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.[1]
- In contrast, invasive aspergillosis is much less common with an incidence of approximately 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 individuals.[3]
- Invasive aspergillosis is the most common type of fungal infection among stem cell transplant recipients (5% to 10%) and the second most common type of fungal infection among solid organ transplant recipients (5% to 25%).[4]
Mortality Rate
- The mortality rate of aspergillosis varies according to the clinical syndrome.
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and allergic Aspergillus sinusitis rarely result in mortality.
- In contrast, the mortality rate of either invasive aspergillosis or chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is high and may be up to 40% to 90%.[2]
Gender
- There is no gender predilection for the development of aspergillosis.[2]
Age
- Individuals of all age groups may be affected with aspergillosis.
- Elderly patients with long-standing chronic lung diseases are more likely to develop aspergillosis.
- Neonates are at increased risk of cutaneous aspergillosis.
Developed Countries
- With the advancement of immunosuppressive therapy and higher rates of transplantation, the incidence and detection of aspergillosis is increasing in developed countries.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Denning DW, Pleuvry A, Cole DC (2013). "Global burden of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with asthma and its complication chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in adults". Med Mycol. 51 (4): 361–70. doi:10.3109/13693786.2012.738312. PMID 23210682.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Definition of Aspergillosis - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/aspergillosis/statistics.html Accessed on Feb 8 2016
- ↑ Rees JR, Pinner RW, Hajjeh RA, Brandt ME, Reingold AL (1998). "The epidemiological features of invasive mycotic infections in the San Francisco Bay area, 1992-1993: results of population-based laboratory active surveillance". Clin Infect Dis. 27 (5): 1138–47. PMID 9827260.
- ↑ Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, Hadley S, Kauffman CA, Freifeld A; et al. (2010). "Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET)". Clin Infect Dis. 50 (8): 1101–11. doi:10.1086/651262. PMID 20218876.