Autoimmune hepatitis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]
Overview
Autoimmune hepatitis was first to describe under the name of lupoid hepatitis in young females in early 1950. In 1950, Waldenstrom described a form of chronic hepatitis in young women. The term autoimmune hepatitis was first used by the international panel. Gene mutations implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis is C4 gene.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Autoimmune hepatitis was the first to describe early in the 1950s, under the name lupoid hepatitis, which mainly affects young women.[1]
- In 1950, Waldenstrom described a form of chronic hepatitis in young women.[2]
- In 1950, Kunkel, and in 1956, Bearn, described features of the disease, including hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, acne, hirsutism, cushingoid facies, pigmented abdominal striae, obesity, arthritis, and amenorrhea.
- In 1992, an international panel described the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis.
- The term autoimmune hepatitis was used to replace terms such as autoimmune liver disease and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by an international panel.
- C4 gene mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.[3]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- The IAIHG scoring system, published in 1993 and revised in 1999 to diagnose autoimmune hepatitis.[4]
References
- ↑ COWLING DC, MACKAY IR, TAFT LI (1956). "Lupoid hepatitis". Lancet. 271 (6957): 1323–6. PMID 13386250.
- ↑ WALDENSTROM J (1953). "[Liver, blood proteins and nutritive protein]". Dtsch Z Verdau Stoffwechselkr (in Undetermined). 9: 113–9. PMID 13150939.
- ↑ Scully LJ, Toze C, Sengar DP, Goldstein R (1993). "Early-onset autoimmune hepatitis is associated with a C4A gene deletion". Gastroenterology. 104 (5): 1478–84. PMID 8482459.
- ↑ Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, Chapman RW, Cooksley WG, Czaja AJ, Desmet VJ, Donaldson PT, Eddleston AL, Fainboim L, Heathcote J, Homberg JC, Hoofnagle JH, Kakumu S, Krawitt EL, Mackay IR, MacSween RN, Maddrey WC, Manns MP, McFarlane IG, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Zeniya M (1999). "International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis". J. Hepatol. 31 (5): 929–38. PMID 10580593.