Bone or cartilage mass history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Bone or cartilage tumors are generally asymptomatic. Symptoms related bone or cartilage tumors with will vary depending on the location of the tumor. The majority of patients may develop non-specific symptoms, such as: dull localized bone pain (related with locally aggressive tumors), adjacent muscle soreness, local swelling, progressive pain that is not relieved with rest, night pain, activity-induced limb pain with/or without response to analgesics, and recent weight loss. Obtaining the detailed history is an important aspect of making a diagnosis of bone or cartilage tumors, specific areas of focus when obtaining the history, include: age, personal history of cancer, positive history of bone fracture, and family history of bone tumors.[1]
History
Obtaining the detailed history is an important aspect of making a diagnosis of bone and cartilage tumors. It provides insight into natural evolution of the disease, and associated conditions. Complete history will help determine the origin (malignant or benign tumors). Specific symptoms description such as duration, onset, progression, alleviating or exacerbating factors, and associated relief to medication are important for making the diagnosis. Specific areas of focus when obtaining the history, are localized bone pain (related with locally aggressive tumors), accompanying local swelling or mass, progressive pain that is not relieved with rest, night pain, recent weight loss (or failure to thrive), personal history of cancer, and family history of bone tumors. Specific areas of focus when obtaining the history, are outlined below:
- Age
- History of familial syndromes, such as:[1]
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- Enchondromatosis
- Ollier disease
- Maffucci syndrome
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- McCune-Albright syndrome
- Multiple osteochondromas
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Retinoblastoma syndrome
- Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
- Werner syndrome
- History of stress fractures
- Associated swelling with superficial tenderness
Symptoms
Bone and cartilage tumors are generally asymptomatic. Symptoms related with bone and cartilage tumors will vary depending location; the majority of patients may develop non-specific symptoms, such as:[1]
- Constitutional symptoms
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Malaise
- Bone and limb pain
- Pain location, duration, onset, intermittency or constancy.
- Radiation
- Intensity
- Characteristics (exacerbating, and relieving factors)
- The majority of bone tumors have an increased severity at night
- Pain is usually related with locally aggressive tumors
- Pain is usually not relieved with rest
- Pain is activity-induced
- Present with or without response to analgesics
- Limping
- Adjacent muscle soreness
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hakim DN, Pelly T, Kulendran M, Caris JA (2015). "Benign tumours of the bone: A review". J Bone Oncol. 4 (2): 37–41. doi:10.1016/j.jbo.2015.02.001. PMC 4620948. PMID 26579486.