Thromboembolism

	Thromboembolism Microchapters
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Overview
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Differentiating Thromboembolism from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
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For the patient information page on deep vein thrombosis, click here

For the patient information page on pulmonary embolism, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Thromboembolism from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Related Chapters

STEMI
NSTEMI

Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs

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v t e Electrocardiography
Overview	History of the EKG • EKG interpretation basics • Normal sinus rhythm
EKG Complexes	P wave • QRS complex • ST Segment • T wave • T wave alternans • Tombstone T wave • U wave Osborn wave • H wave • K wave • Delta wave NSSTW changes
EKG Intervals	PR Interval • QRS Interval • ST Interval • QT Interval
Conduction System & Bradycardia	Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• Bundle of His • Purkinje fibers • Sinus bradycardia • First Degree AV Block • Second Degree AV Block • Complete or Third-Degree AV Block • Concealed conduction • AV Junctional Rhythms • LBBB • LAHB • LPHB • RBBB • Trifascicular block
Atrial Arrhythmias	Sinus tachycardia • Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) • Ectopic Atrial Rhythm • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block • Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) • Atrial Flutter • Atrial Fibrillation • Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias	Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia with a Wide QRS Complex • Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm • Ventricular Parasystole • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular Fibrillation • Sudden cardiac death
EKG Abnormalities in Disease States	Hypertrophy & Dilatation • Right atrial enlargement • Left atrial enlargement • Biatrial enlargement • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy • Biventricular Hypertrophy • Acute myocardial infarction • NSTEMI • STEMI • Tombstone ST elevation • Right ventricular myocardial infarction • Atrial infarction Pre-excitation Syndromes • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome • Lown Ganong Levine Syndrome • Mahaim Type Preexcitation Cardiomyopathies • Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia • Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Drug Effects on the EKG • Adenosine • β-blockers • Digitalis • Quinidine • Procainamide • Disopyramide • Lidocaine • Tocainide and Mexiletine • Phenytoin • Encainide, Flecainide and Propafenone • Amiodarone • Bretylium • Ca Channel Blockers • Phenothiazines • Tricyclic Antidepressants • Lithium Congenital Heart Disease • Dextrocardia • Atrial Septal Defect • Ventricular Septal Defect • Tetralogy of Fallot • Conjoined Twins or Siamese Twins • Congenital heart block Electrolyte Disturbances • Hyperkalemia • Hypokalemia • Hypercalcemia • Hypocalcemia • Nonspecific Changes Other Heart Diseases • Pericarditis • Myocarditis • Tamponade • Heart Transplantation • Sick Sinus Syndrome • Long QT Syndrome Inherited Disease • Brugada Syndrome Systemic Diseases • CNS Disease • Cardiac Tumors Heart Transplantation • EKG Changes in patient with Heart Transplantation Exogenous Effects • Hypothermia • Chest Trauma • Insect Bites • Electric Injuries
Technical Issues and Potential Errors in Interpretation	Artifacts • Lead Placement Errors • The EKG in a Patient with a Pacemaker • EKG in athletes

v t e Symptoms and signs: circulatory (R00–R03, 785)
Cardiovascular	Template:Navbox subgroup
Myeloid/blood	Template:Navbox subgroup

v t e Symptoms and signs: respiratory system (R04–R07, 786)
Hemorrhage	Epistaxis Hemoptysis
Abnormalities of breathing	Respiratory sounds Stridor Wheeze Crackles Rhonchi Hamman's sign Apnea Dyspnea Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation Hyperpnea/Tachypnea/Hypopnea/Bradypnea Orthopnea/Platypnea Trepopnea Biot's respiration Cheyne-Stokes respiration Kussmaul breathing Hiccup Mouth breathing/Snoring Breath-holding
Other	Asphyxia Cough Pleurisy Sputum Respiratory arrest Hypercapnia/Hypocapnia Pectoriloquy: Whispered pectoriloquy Egophony Bronchophony Pleural friction rub Fremitus Silhouette sign
Chest, general	Chest pain Precordial catch syndrome

v t e Symptoms and signs: digestive system and abdomen (R10–R19, 787,789)
GI tract	Template:Navbox subgroup
Accessory	Hepatosplenomegaly/Hepatomegaly Jaundice
Abdominopelvic	Ascites
Abdominal – general	Abdominal pain (Acute abdomen, Colic, Baby colic) Splenomegaly Abdominal guarding · Abdominal mass · Rebound tenderness Shifting dullness · Bulging flanks · Puddle sign · Fluid wave test

v t e Symptoms and signs: Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development (R62–R64, 783)
Ingestion/Weight	decrease: Anorexia • Weight loss/Cachexia/Underweight increase: Polyphagia • Polydipsia • Orexigenia • Weight gain
Growth	Delayed milestone • Failure to thrive • Short stature (e.g., Idiopathic)

Thromboembolism

Diagnosis

Treatment

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