Cervical cancer causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nima Nasiri, M.D.[2], Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]
Overview
Cervical cancer is caused by an infection with Human papillomavirus, which is transmitted by skin to skin contact and sexually. Only high risk strains of HPV are causing cervical cancer, having multiple sexual partner is a risk factor for infecting with HPV.
Causes
- Human papillomavirus is main cause of cervical cancer, only high-risk HPV types can affect squamous epithelium of cervix and cause cancer.
- HPV is a small, nonenveloped DNA virus, 55 nm in diameter, and transmits primarily by skin to skin contact. [1]
- High risk strains include types 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, and 70.
- HPV oncogenes interfere with cell cycle control and causes abnormal growth of squamous cells in epithelium of cervix.[1]
- The assosiciation between HPV infection and glandular type of cervical neoplasia is not as strong as that of squamous carcinoma of cervix.