Chionanthus virginicus

Chionanthus virginicus
	Shrub in flower; Shrub in flower
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae;
Division:	Magnoliophyta;
Class:	Magnoliopsida;
Order:	Lamiales;
Family:	Oleaceae;
Genus:	Chionanthus;
Species:	C. virginicus;
Binomial name
	Chionanthus virginicus; L.

Chionanthus virginicus (Grancy Gray Beard, Old man's beard, White Fringetree; syn. C. virginica L.) is a tree native to the Eastern portion of the United States, which is used both as a medicinal and ornamental plant.

File:Fringe Tree Chionanthus virginicus Leaves 2000px.jpg

Leaves

Description

A slender tree twenty or thirty feet high; at the north a shrub of several thick, spreading stems. Commonly planted on lawns and parks. Ornamental. Roots are fibrous.^[1]

The singular appearance of its snow white flowers which look like a fringe is the source of its common name. These flowers appear abundantly when the leaves are half grown and the foliage mass becomes a combination of soft green and pure white, which is most beautiful.^[1]

Bark: Brown, tinged with red, scaly. Branchlets terete, light green, downy, at first; later they become light brown or orange color.
Wood: Light brown, sapwood paler brown; heavy, hard, close-grained.
Winter buds: Light brown, ovate, acute, one-eighth of an inch long. Outer scales fall when spring growth begins, inner scales enlarge with the growing shoot and become leaf-like, an inch or more in length.
Leaves: Opposite, simple, ovate or oblong, four to eight inches long, one to four inches broad, wedge-shaped at base, entire with undulate margins, acuminate, acute or rounded at apex. Feather-veined, midrib stout, primary veins conspicuous. They come out of the bud conduplicate, yellow green and shining above, downy beneath; when full grown are dark green above, pale below and smooth except the midrib and veins which are hairy. In autumn they turn a clear yellow and fall early. Petiole stout, hairy.
Flowers: May, June; when leaves are one-third grown. Perfect, white, slightly fragrant, borne in loose, downy, drooping, bracted panicles, four to six inches long, from lateral buds; peduncles three-flowered.
Calyx: Four-parted, small, smooth, persistent.
Corolla: An inch long, white, dotted on inner surface with purple spots, deeply divided into four, varying to five and six, long and narrow lobes barely united at base; conduplicate, valvate in bud.
Stamens: Two, inserted on the base of the corolla, extrorse, filaments short; anthers pale yellow, ovate, two-celled.
Pistil: Ovary superior, two-celled; style short; stigma fleshy, two-lobed.
Fruit: Drupe, borne in loose clusters, on which the bracts have become leaf-like. Oval or oblong, dark blue, glaucous, one-half to three-fourths of an inch long, surrounded at base by the persistent calyx and tipped with remnants of the style. Skin thick; flesh dry; stone thin.^[1]

Distribution

Ranges from Pennsylvania to Florida, westward through the Gulf states to Texas, Arkansas, and Kansas.^[1]

Cultivation

The Fringe-tree is one of the most beautiful of the ornamental shrubs of the United States and although a native of the south it is hardy at the north and is extensively planted. It prefers a moist soil and a sheltered situation and may be propagated by grafting on the ash.^[1]

Medicinal uses

Chionanthus virginicus has a few medicinal uses. The dried roots and bark are used to treat skin inflammations. It can also be employed for all liver problems. Also used in gall-bladder inflammations. Reduces surger levels in urine. The crushed bark can be used in treatment of sores and wonds.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons. pp. 222–224.

External links

Template:Lamiales-stub Template:Tree-stub

da:Amerikansk Sneflokketræ

[Keeler-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scriber's Sons. pp. 222–224.

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