Congestive heart failure Exercise training

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Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters
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Pathophysiology Systolic Dysfunction Diastolic Dysfunction HFpEF HFrEF
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Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
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Medical Therapy:
Summary
Acute Pharmacotherapy
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFpEF
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFrEF Diuretics ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers Aldosterone Antagonists Beta Blockers Ca Channel Blockers Nitrates Hydralazine Positive Inotropics Anticoagulants Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor Antiarrhythmic Drugs Nutritional Supplements Hormonal Therapies Drugs to Avoid Drug Interactions Treatment of underlying causes Associated conditions
Exercise Training
Surgical Therapy: Biventricular Pacing or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) Implantation of Intracardiac Defibrillator Ultrafiltration Cardiac Surgery Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) Cardiac Transplantation
ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations Initial and Serial Evaluation of the HF Patient Hospitalized Patient Patients With a Prior MI Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Surgical/Percutaneous/Transcather Interventional Treatments of HF Patients at high risk for developing heart failure (Stage A) Patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed heart failure symptoms (Stage B) Patients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure (Stage C) Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D) Coordinating Care for Patients With Chronic HF Quality Metrics/Performance Measures
Implementation of Practice Guidelines
Congestive heart failure end-of-life considerations
Specific Groups: Special Populations Patients who have concomitant disorders Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Patient with CHF NSTEMI with Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]; Arzu Kalayci, M.D. [3]

Overview

• Patient should have uninterrupted exercise at least four days a week including a walking program.
• Patients with heart failure should avoid weightlifting which increases afterload.
• The patient should not routinely lift more than 20 pounds, again which may increase afterload.
• Patients can continue their sexual activity. 2.5 or 5.0 mg of sublingual nitroglycerine can be taken before sexual activity to improve exercise capacity.

Contributory risk and Management of Comorbidities of Hypertension, obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, and Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016)

Initial Clinical Assessment of Patients Presenting With Heart Failure (DO NOT EDIT)

Class I

"1. In patients presenting with heart failure, initial assessment should be made of the patient’s ability to perform routine and desired activities of daily living. (Level of Evidence: C)"

Serial Clinical Assessment of Patients Presenting With Heart Failure (DO NOT EDIT)

Class I

"1. Assessment should be made at each visit of the ability of a patient with heart failure to perform routine and desired activities of daily living. (Level of Evidence: C)"

Exercise training in Patients Presenting With Heart Failure (DO NOT EDIT)

Class I

1. Exercise or regular physical activity is beneficial in prevention of CVD and HF. (Class I, Level of Evidence: B)

2. Exercise training (or regular physical activity) is recommended as safe and effective for patients with HF who are able to participate to improve functional status. (Class I, Level of Evidence: A)

Class IIa

"1. Maximal exercise testing with or without measurement of respiratory gas exchange is reasonable to facilitate prescription of an appropriate exercise program for patients presenting with heart failure. (Level of Evidence: C)"

Vote on and Suggest Revisions to the Current Guidelines

• The CHF Living Guidelines: Vote on current recommendations and suggest revisions to the guidelines

Guidelines Resources

• The ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult

• 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation