Cyclothiazide

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Cyclothiazide
Clinical data
ATC code	C03AA09 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide;
CAS Number	2259-96-3 ;
PubChem CID	2910;
DrugBank	DB00606 ;
ChemSpider	4535011 ;
UNII	P71U09G5BW;
KEGG	D01256 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL61593 ;
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C14H16ClN3O4S2
Molar mass	389.88 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=S(=O)(c1c(Cl)cc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)NC(N2)C4[C@@H]3\C=C/[C@@H](C3)C4)N;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H16ClN3O4S2/c15-10-5-11-13(6-12(10)23(16,19)20)24(21,22)18-14(17-11)9-4-7-1-2-8(9)3-7/h1-2,5-9,14,17-18H,3-4H2,(H2,16,19,20)/t7-,8+,9?,14?/m0/s1 ; Key:BOCUKUHCLICSIY-QJWLJZLASA-N ;
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Cyclothiazide (Anhydron, Acquirel, Doburil, Fluidil, Renazide, Tensodiural, Valmiran) is a benzothiadiazide (thiazide) diuretic and antihypertensive that was originally introduced in the United States in 1963 by Eli Lilly and was subsequently also marketed in Europe and Japan.^[1]^[2] Related drugs include diazoxide, hydrochlorothiazide, and chlorothiazide.^[3]

In 1993, it was discovered that cyclothiazide is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor, capable of reducing or essentially eliminating rapid desensitization of the receptor, and potentiating glutamate currents by as much as 18-fold at the highest concentration tested (100 μM).^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Additionally, in 2003, cyclothiazide was also found to act as a GABA_A receptor negative allosteric modulator, potently inhibiting GABA_A-mediated currents.^[7] In animals it is a powerful convulsant, robustly enhancing epileptiform activity and inducing seizures, but without producing any apparent neuronal death.^[8]^[9]

References

↑ Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 1932. ISBN 3-88763-075-0.
↑ Sittig, Marshall (1988). Pharmaceutical manufacturing encyclopedia. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications. p. 1756. ISBN 0-8155-1144-2.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Skolnick, Phil; Palfreyman, Michael G.; Reynolds, Ian J. (1994). Direct and allosteric control of glutamate receptors. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 174. ISBN 0-8493-8307-2.
↑ Yamada KA, Tang CM (September 1993). "Benzothiadiazides inhibit rapid glutamate receptor desensitization and enhance glutamatergic synaptic currents". Journal of Neuroscience. 13 (9): 3904–15. PMID 8103555.
↑ Bertolino M, Baraldi M, Parenti C; et al. (1993). "Modulation of AMPA/kainate receptors by analogues of diazoxide and cyclothiazide in thin slices of rat hippocampus". Receptors & Channels. 1 (4): 267–78. PMID 7915948.
↑ Ströhle, Andreas; Bilkei-Gorzo, A.; Holsboer, Florian (2005). Anxiety and anxiolytic drugs. Berlin: Springer. p. 566. ISBN 3-540-22568-4.
↑ Deng L, Chen G (October 2003). "Cyclothiazide potently inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors in addition to enhancing glutamate responses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (22): 13025–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.2133370100. PMC 240738. PMID 14534329.
↑ Qi J, Wang Y, Jiang M, Warren P, Chen G (March 2006). "Cyclothiazide induces robust epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo". The Journal of Physiology. 571 (Pt 3): 605–18. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.103812. PMC 1805799. PMID 16423850.
↑ Kong S, Qian B, Liu J, Fan M, Chen G, Wang Y (July 2010). "Cyclothiazide induces seizure behavior in freely moving rats". Brain Research. 1355: 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.088. PMC 2947190. PMID 20678492.

[isbn3-88763-075-0-1] Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 1932. ISBN 3-88763-075-0.

[isbn0-8155-1144-2-2] Sittig, Marshall (1988). Pharmaceutical manufacturing encyclopedia. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications. p. 1756. ISBN 0-8155-1144-2.

[isbn0-8493-8307-2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Skolnick, Phil; Palfreyman, Michael G.; Reynolds, Ian J. (1994). Direct and allosteric control of glutamate receptors. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 174. ISBN 0-8493-8307-2.

[pmid8103555-4] Yamada KA, Tang CM (September 1993). "Benzothiadiazides inhibit rapid glutamate receptor desensitization and enhance glutamatergic synaptic currents". Journal of Neuroscience. 13 (9): 3904–15. PMID 8103555.

[pmid7915948-5] Bertolino M, Baraldi M, Parenti C; et al. (1993). "Modulation of AMPA/kainate receptors by analogues of diazoxide and cyclothiazide in thin slices of rat hippocampus". Receptors & Channels. 1 (4): 267–78. PMID 7915948.

[isbn3-540-22568-4-6] Ströhle, Andreas; Bilkei-Gorzo, A.; Holsboer, Florian (2005). Anxiety and anxiolytic drugs. Berlin: Springer. p. 566. ISBN 3-540-22568-4.

[pmid14534329-7] Deng L, Chen G (October 2003). "Cyclothiazide potently inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors in addition to enhancing glutamate responses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (22): 13025–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.2133370100. PMC 240738. PMID 14534329.

[pmid16423850-8] Qi J, Wang Y, Jiang M, Warren P, Chen G (March 2006). "Cyclothiazide induces robust epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo". The Journal of Physiology. 571 (Pt 3): 605–18. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.103812. PMC 1805799. PMID 16423850.

[pmid20678492-9] Kong S, Qian B, Liu J, Fan M, Chen G, Wang Y (July 2010). "Cyclothiazide induces seizure behavior in freely moving rats". Brain Research. 1355: 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.088. PMC 2947190. PMID 20678492.

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Clinical data

ATC code	C03AA09 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 3-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide
CAS Number	2259-96-3^Y
PubChem CID	2910
DrugBank	DB00606^N
ChemSpider	4535011^N
UNII	P71U09G5BW
KEGG	D01256^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL61593^N
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₄H₁₆ClN₃O₄S₂
Molar mass	389.88 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=S(=O)(c1c(Cl)cc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)NC(N2)C4[C@@H]3\C=C/[C@@H](C3)C4)N
InChI InChI=1S/C14H16ClN3O4S2/c15-10-5-11-13(6-12(10)23(16,19)20)24(21,22)18-14(17-11)9-4-7-1-2-8(9)3-7/h1-2,5-9,14,17-18H,3-4H2,(H2,16,19,20)/t7-,8+,9?,14?/m0/s1^N Key:BOCUKUHCLICSIY-QJWLJZLASA-N^N
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Cyclothiazide

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