Dehydration causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]

Causes

Common Causes

In humans, dehydration can be caused by a wide range of diseases and states that impair water homeostasis in the body. These include:

• External or stress-related causes
  • Prolonged physical activity without consuming adequate water, especially in a hot and/or humid environment
  • Prolonged exposure to dry air, e.g., in high-flying airplanes (5-15% r.h.)
  • Survival situations, especially desert survival conditions
  • Blood loss or hypotension due to physical trauma
  • Diarrhea
  • Hyperthermia
  • Shock (hypovolemic)
  • Vomiting
  • Burns
  • Lacrimation

• Infectious diseases
  • Cholera
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Shigellosis
  • Yellow fever

• Malnutrition
  • Electrolyte disturbance
    • Hypernatremia (also caused by dehydration)
    • Hyponatremia, especially from restricted salt diets
  • Consumption of alcohol, caffeine or other diuretic substances.
  • Fasting
  • Recent rapid weight loss may reflect progressive depletion of fluid volume. (The loss of 1 L of fluid results in a weight loss of 1 kg, or 2.2 lb.)
  • Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration

• Other causes of obligate water loss
  • Severe hyperglycemia, especially in Diabetes mellitus
    • Glycosuria

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Bicalutamide, Cidofovir, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cefpodoxime, Panitumumab, Pralatrexate, Ritonavir, Siltuximab, Tiagabine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Cidofovir
• Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
• Panitumumab
• Pralatrexate
• Siltuximab
• Tiagabine

• Disease B

• Disease C