Delayed puberty risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of delayed puberty is hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis disturbance. Other risk factors include genetic, endocrinologic, and environmental which may disturb the HPG axis.
Risk Factors
- The most potent risk factor in the development of delayed puberty is hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis disturbance.
- Other risk factors are including genetic, endocrinologic, and environmental which may disturb the HPG axis.
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of delayed puberty may be genetic, endocrinologic, and environmental.
- Common risk factors in the development of delayed puberty include:
- Family history of delayed puberty[1]
- Genetics[2]
- Chromosomal disorders
- Eating disorders
- Chronic illnesses
- Malnutrition
- Excess exercise
- Acquired gonadal disorders[3]
- Pituitary surgery prior to puberty[4]
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy[5]
- Sickle cell disease
- Hemosiderosis
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of delayed puberty include:
- Congenital pituitary structural abnormalities
- Congenital testicular disorders
- Adrenal hypoplasia[6]
- Histiocytosis
- Sertoli Cell only Syndrome (Del CastillonSyndrome)[7]
References
- ↑ Wehkalampi K, Widén E, Laine T, Palotie A, Dunkel L (2008). "Patterns of inheritance of constitutional delay of growth and puberty in families of adolescent girls and boys referred to specialist pediatric care". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93 (3): 723–8. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1786. PMID 18160460.
- ↑ Brook, C. G. D. (2009). Brook's clinical pediatric endocrinology. Chichester, UK Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180801.
- ↑ Hoek A, Schoemaker J, Drexhage HA (1997). "Premature ovarian failure and ovarian autoimmunity". Endocr. Rev. 18 (1): 107–34. doi:10.1210/edrv.18.1.0291. PMID 9034788.
- ↑ Scarzello G, Buzzaccarini MS, Perilongo G, Viscardi E, Faggin R, Carollo C, Calderone M, Franchi A, Sotti G (2006). "Acute and late morbidity after limited resection and focal radiation therapy in craniopharyngiomas". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 19 Suppl 1: 399–405. PMID 16700317.
- ↑ Bakker B, Massa GG, Oostdijk W, Van Weel-Sipman MH, Vossen JM, Wit JM (2000). "Pubertal development and growth after total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation for haematological malignancies". Eur. J. Pediatr. 159 (1–2): 31–7. PMID 10653326.
- ↑ Reutens AT, Achermann JC, Ito M, Ito M, Gu WX, Habiby RL, Donohoue PA, Pang S, Hindmarsh PC, Jameson JL (1999). "Clinical and functional effects of mutations in the DAX-1 gene in patients with adrenal hypoplasia congenita". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (2): 504–11. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.2.5468. PMID 10022408.
- ↑ Palmert, Mark R.; Dunkel, Leo (2012). "Delayed Puberty". New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (5): 443–453. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1109290. ISSN 0028-4793.