Dementia epidemiology and demographics
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Dementia Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ,Sabeeh Islam, MBBS[2]
Overview
Accurate diagnosis requires a collateral history from an informant familiar with the patient's daily function.
The presenting symptom is usually loss of recent memory first, and often difficulty with executive function and/or nominal dysphasia (difficulties in word finding and naming).
Patients also experience loss of episodic memory that is marked by, for example, loss of recall of the names of recent visitors, and may exhibit confabulation, confusion, and marked distortions of memory. Globally, an estimated 47 million people are affected by dementia.[1] In the United States in 2011, there were an estimated 4.5 million individuals over the age of 65 years living with clinical AD; this included 0.7 million people age 65 to 74 years, 2.3 million age 75 to 84, and 1.8 million 85 years and older[2]
Dementia Epidemiology and Demographics
- The most common dementia throughout the world is Alzheimer's dementia, the second most common is vascular dementia or mixed dementia. The World Health Organization predicts that by 2020 there will be 29 million people with dementia globally, with Alzheimer's dementia predominating. Dementia was second to heart failure as a leading cause of mortality, accounting for 19 percent of the deaths
- The prevalence of dementia increases by 30% with age greater than 80 years and the incidence of dementia doubles every 10 years after age 60 years[3]
- People with black ethnicity are at higher risk of developing dementia compared to white race. While individuals do not die of Alzheimer's dementia per se, advanced disease increases vulnerability for other disorders, commonly infections, which ultimately lead to death.[4]
- Dementia is more prevalent in females compared to males.[5] There is very little sex difference in incidence and prevalence of dementia.[6]
References
- ↑ Rocca WA, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Hebert LE, Evans DA, Hall KS, Gao S, Unverzagt FW, Langa KM, Larson EB, White LR (January 2011). "Trends in the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment in the United States". Alzheimers Dement. 7 (1): 80–93. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.11.002. PMC 3026476. PMID 21255746.
- ↑ Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, Evans DA (May 2013). "Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 census". Neurology. 80 (19): 1778–83. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828726f5. PMC 3719424. PMID 23390181.
- ↑ Montine TJ, Phelps CH, Beach TG, Bigio EH, Cairns NJ, Dickson DW, Duyckaerts C, Frosch MP, Masliah E, Mirra SS, Nelson PT, Schneider JA, Thal DR, Trojanowski JQ, Vinters HV, Hyman BT (January 2012). "National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease: a practical approach". Acta Neuropathol. 123 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0910-3. PMC 3268003. PMID 22101365.
- ↑ Duong S, Patel T, Chang F (2017). "Dementia: What pharmacists need to know". Can Pharm J (Ott). 150 (2): 118–129. doi:10.1177/1715163517690745. PMC 5384525. PMID 28405256.
- ↑ "Dementia Estimates and Projections: Australian States and Territories" (PDF). Alzheimer's Australia. 2005-02-01. Retrieved 2006-10-04. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Becker JT, Chang Y, Newman AB (February 2016). "Risk of dementia and death in the long-term follow-up of the Pittsburgh Cardiovascular Health Study-Cognition Study". Alzheimers Dement. 12 (2): 170–183. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.08.165. PMC 4744537. PMID 26519786.