Disorder of written expression

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Background

Disorder of written expression is a childhood condition characterized by poor writing skills. To some extent, 3 - 10% of school-age children are affected by this disorder. This disorder appears by itself or in conjunction with other learning or developmental disabilities.

Symptoms

• Avoids written work.
• Poor spelling
• Errors in grammar
• Errors in punctuation
• Poor handwriting
• Composition is poor relative to oral expression skills; uses simple vocabulary to avoid spelling difficulty.

Assessments

• Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS)
• Test of Adolescent and Adult Language–3 (TOAL-3)
• Test of Early Written Language
• Test of Written Expression (TOWE)
• Test of Written Language–3 (TOWL-3)
• Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery–Revised, Tests of Achievement

Other disabilities often linked with the disorder of written expression

• Dyslexia
• Reading disability
• Expressive language disorder
• Mathematics disorder
• Developmental coordination disorder