Dyspepsia classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ajay Gade MD[2]]
Overview
Dyspepsia is broadly classified into ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia. The latter is also known as functional dyspepsia.
Classification
Dyspepsia may be broadly classified into two major sub-types:
Ulcer dyspepsia
- Ulcer dyspepsia accounts for 20-30 % of all dyspepsia cases and is caused by peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
- Structural disease of the gastrointestinal tract exists in ulcer dyspepsia and hence endoscopy is abnormal.
Non-Ulcer dyspepsia
- Non-ulcer dyspepsia, also called functional dyspepsia (FD), is defined by the Rome III criteria as symptoms of epigastric pain or discomfort (found in 89-90% of cases), postprandial fullness (75-88%), and early satiety (50-82%) within the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months earlier.
- Patients should not have any evidence of structural disease and predominant symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are exclusionary.[1]
- Causes of functional dyspepsia are not clear but researchers have focused on the following factors:
- Gastric motor function dysfunction
- Visceral sensitivity
- Helicobacter pylori infection
- Psychosocial factors